Edouard Manet and the Impressionists were considered modern, in part, because they were depicting scenes of modern life. The Industrial Revolution brought droves of people to the cities, and new forms of leisure sprung up in urban life.
Ringside Seats , a painting of a boxing match by George Bellows, hangs nearby, as do three paintings by Edward Hopper, one titled First Row Orchestra of theatergoers waiting for the curtains to be drawn. In Renaissance art, a high premium was put on imitating nature. Cubists, in the early s, started playing with space and shape in a way that warped the traditional pictorial view. Rather than asking, as one might with a history painting, about narrative—Who is the main character?
And what is the action? Each artist of the movement tried to express his individual genius and style, particularly through touch. Shortly after World War II, however, the ideas driving art again began to change. Postmodernism pulls away from the modern focus on originality, and the work is deliberately impersonal. Although they might as well follow similar key ideas in design, there are still massive differences between the Modernist and Postmodernist architecture.
Moreover, Modern architecture defines the beauty of design in a different way. They emphasized the notion of truth to materials, by exposing the true nature of materials without adding any extra layers to them such as painting or polishing. Postmodern architecture combines the natural materials within classical forms to contradict the influence of industrial development on architecture. They believed modernism does not respond to its contextualism or what people need.
During this period people have looked to science and logical thinking to explain the world. The Moon landing — probably the pinnacle of the modernist idea of scientific progress A widely held faith in scientifically based progress.
An associated view has been that the more we trust in science and technological progress, the better our society will be. What is Postmodernity?
In contrast post-modernism is a term that refers to new ways of thinking about thought. Post-modernists believe that knowledge itself needs to be understood in a different way to modernists sociologists such as Functionalists and Marxists.
It follows that not all theorists of post-modernity are post-modernists. Five Key features of the post-modern society. The Media. A world in Fragments due to Dynamism: Rapid social change. Cultural diversity and hybridity. A simple definition of Globalisation is the increasing connectedness between societies across the globe. Globalisation means there are more flows of information and ideas, money, and people moving across national boundaries.
The increasing importance of the mass media. The post-modern era has witnessed a huge expansion in media technology. The rise of digital media, especially the internet, has lead to a massive and unprecedented increase in the number of people using the media; a huge increase in the diversity of media products both factual and fictional; an increase in the number of people creating their own music, videos, profile sites and uploading them for public consumption, greater interactivity, more flexibility.
All of this results in much more complex patterns of media usage, more picking and mixing. One consequence of this is that our society has an increased reliance on the media to tell us what is going on in the world. Baudrillard argues that the media coverage of war for example is different to reality, yet is the only reality most of us know. New networks also emerge through the use of media, most obviously through profile sites such as Facebook.
A world in fragments. In post-modern society, the pace of change is much more rapid than in modern society. Post-modern society is thus more dynamic, more fluid if you like. This can be evidenced in the following areas:.
Working life is also characterised by much more uncertainty as businesses are quick to move to other regions or countries if they can find cheaper labour abroad.
One very good illustrative example of this is Dyson, which recently closed down a factory in South Wales to seek cheaper labour in China. From the perspective of the South Wales workers, Dyson came and went in a very short time frame. Also, companies are now increasingly likely to employ workers through recruitment agencies which can fire at short notice, and much work is temporary, part time and characterised by flexible working hours.
There are of course good sides and bad sides to all of this, but the upshot is that working life is much less stable than it used to be. Fashion and Music : Two of the most visible examples of the fast pace of change lies in the fashion and music industries, which are constantly evolving with new styles and musical forms constantly emerging, and with many artists having to continually reinvent themselves to stay in the spotlight.
At the extreme end of this, the pop-idol genre of shows demonstrates how individuals are made stars for a month and then forgotten. The breakdown of local communities : The increased flexibility of labour associated with the world of work means people move more often in their lifetimes, meaning that people are much less able to put down sable roots in their local communities.
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