They may be caused by a congenital heart defect or they may be acquired later. Arrhythmias can occur at any age and may be discovered during a routine physical examination. Depending on the type of rhythm disorder, an arrhythmia may be treated with medication, surgery, or pacemakers.
Some arrhythmias are not harmful. This chronic disease causes the heart muscle the myocardium to become weakened. Usually, it first affects the lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, and then progresses and damages the muscle cells and even the tissues surrounding the heart.
In its most severe forms, it can lead to heart failure and even death. Cardiomyopathy is the 1 reason for heart transplants in children. Coronary artery disease. The most common heart disorder in adults, coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis. Deposits of fat, calcium, and dead cells, called atherosclerotic plaques, form on the inner walls of the coronary arteries the blood vessels that supply the heart and interfere with the smooth flow of blood.
Blood flow to the heart muscle may even stop if a thrombus, or clot, forms in a coronary vessel, which may cause a heart attack. If the clot can be dissolved within a few hours, damage to the heart can be reduced. Heart attacks are rare in kids and teens. Hypercholesterolemia high cholesterol. Having too much cholesterol in the blood, also known as hypercholesterolemia, is a major risk factor for heart disease and can lead to a heart attack.
Cholesterol is carried in the bloodstream by lipoproteins. High blood pressure hypertension. Over time, high blood pressure can damage the heart, arteries, and other body organs. Symptoms can include headache, nosebleeds, dizziness, and lightheadedness.
Infants, kids, and teens can have high blood pressure, which may be caused by genetic factors, excess body weight, diet, lack of exercise, and diseases such as heart disease or kidney disease. Kawasaki disease. Also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, Kawasaki disease affects the mucous membranes the lining of the mouth and breathing passages , the skin, and the lymph nodes part of the immune system.
It can also lead to vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessels. This can affect all major arteries in the body — including the coronary arteries. When coronary arteries become inflamed, a child can develop aneurysms, which are weakened and bulging spots on the walls of arteries. This increases the risk of a blood clot forming in this weakened area, which can block the artery, possibly leading to a heart attack.
In addition to the coronary arteries, the heart muscle, lining, valves, or the outer membrane that surrounds the heart can become inflamed. Arrhythmias or abnormal functioning of some heart valves can occur. Kawasaki disease has surpassed rheumatic fever as the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the United States.
Rheumatic heart disease. Usually the complication of an untreated strep throat infection, rheumatic fever can lead to permanent heart damage and even death. Most common in kids between 5 and 15 years of age, it begins when antibodies the body produces to fight the strep infection begin to attack other parts of the body. They react to tissues in the heart valves as though they were the strep bacteria and cause the heart valves to thicken and scar. Inflammation and weakening of the heart muscle may also occur.
Usually, when strep throat infections are promptly treated with antibiotics, this condition can be avoided. The heart The heart pumps blood around the body. It sits inside the chest, in front of the lungs and slightly to the left side.
The heart is actually a double pump made up of four chambers, with the flow of blood going in one direction due to the presence of the heart valves. The contractions of the chambers make the sound of heartbeats. The right side of the heart The right upper chamber atrium takes in deoxygenated blood that is loaded with carbon dioxide. The blood is squeezed down into the right lower chamber ventricle and taken by an artery to the lungs where the carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen.
The left side of the heart The oxygenated blood travels back to the heart, this time entering the left upper chamber atrium. It is pumped into the left lower chamber ventricle and then into the aorta an artery. The blood starts its journey around the body once more.
Blood vessels Blood vessels have a range of different sizes and structures, depending on their role in the body. Arteries Oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart along arteries, which are muscular. Arteries divide like tree branches until they are slender. The largest artery is the aorta, which connects to the heart and picks up oxygenated blood from the left ventricle. The only artery that picks up deoxygenated blood is the pulmonary artery, which runs between the heart and lungs.
Even seemingly unrelated body systems are connected. Your skeletal system relies on your urinary system to remove waste produced by bone cells; in return, the bones of your skeleton create structure that protects your bladder and other urinary system organs. Your circulatory system delivers oxygen-rich blood to your bones.
Meanwhile, your bones are busy making new blood cells. Working together, these systems maintain internal stability and balance, otherwise known as homeostasis.
Disease in one body system can disrupt homeostasis and cause trouble in other body systems. October 27, September 2, August 6, You have cells and compounds on your skin that help to kill any bacteria that appear. Always remember to wash your hands; most of the microorganisms that get you sick are picked up when you touch things. Problems with the System We wanted to talk a little about diseases and failures of the immune system. AIDS is one of the most well known diseases that can hurt the immune system.
Without those cells, the immune system cannot work properly and even minor diseases can kill the organism. There are also genetic problems with immune systems. Something as simple as an allergic reaction happens because an individual cannot properly tolerate certain allergens. Inflammation and hay fever occur. Normal individuals can destroy those allergens, but people who are "allergic" cannot defend themselves.
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