For pathologies not associated with MI but in which the concentration of cTn in the blood also increases, the information about troponin forms is limited. During such pathologies, cTnI and cTnT concentrations in blood are usually low and rise slightly over the normal level, making cTn analysis in the blood of these patients challenging. However, the fact that the increase in cTns occurs not only in MI but also in other diseases has led to additional challenges in MI diagnosis.
Slightly increased cTn concentration can be caused in 2 ways—by a developing MI or by another pathology, such as chronic renal disease, that is not related to the infarction. How does one discriminate between these states? If cTn concentrations increase, the patient has likely had an acute event such as MI. However, if the cTn concentration remains increased without change, then this measurement likely represents a chronic disease.
An alternative approach is to find the differences in composition of cTn that is present in the blood of patients with MI vs patients with diseases of other etiologies.
Studies of chronic diseases demonstrating that types of cTn in blood differ from those described for the early stages of MI can have great practical importance. The development of diagnostic systems that preferably recognize or, conversely, do not recognize such types can be helpful in discriminating acute MI from chronic disease. Comparing the results of cTn measurements obtained using a traditional diagnostic assay with the results of troponin measurements by type-specific assays will make it possible to discriminate among different pathologies and make a diagnosis immediately, at the first measurement.
Such an approach can greatly increase the reliability of MI diagnosis in the critical first hours of the disease. We believe that additional information about biochemical and immunochemical properties of cTn in the blood of patients with diseases that are not associated with MI is extremely important, and additional studies are needed to obtain more knowledge in this area.
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Volume Article Contents Abstract. Possible Mechanisms of cTn Release into Blood. Author Contributions. Previously, doctors used other blood tests like the CPK isoenzymes test to detect a heart attack. Smaller heart attacks leave no trace on these blood tests. Troponin is more sensitive. Measuring cardiac troponin levels in the blood allows doctors to diagnose a heart attack or other heart-related conditions more effectively and provide immediate treatment.
Troponin levels are measured with a standard blood test. A healthcare professional will take a sample of your blood from a vein in your arm. You can expect mild pain and maybe light bruising. After taking the blood sample, the healthcare professional will assess your troponin levels to diagnose a heart attack.
With a conventional troponin test, it can take hours before increased levels of troponin are detectable. Using this test too soon can produce a false negative. A high-sensitivity troponin test is also available. This test can detect elevated troponin levels and produce positive test results in as little as 9 minutes.
If your troponin levels are low or normal after experiencing chest pain , you probably have not experienced a heart attack. If your levels are high, the likelihood of heart damage or heart attack is high. In addition to measuring your troponin levels and monitoring your ECG or EKG, the healthcare professional may want to perform other tests to examine your health, including:. Normal levels fall below the 99th percentile in the blood test.
If troponin results are above this level, it may indicate heart damage or heart attack. Reference ranges for troponin levels will vary by test lab. A study suggests that women may have lower cardiac troponin levels than men. In healthy people, troponin levels are within the normal range. High levels of troponin are an immediate red flag. Though a rise in troponin levels is often an indication of a heart attack, there are a number of other reasons why your troponin levels could be elevated.
Troponin levels can be acutely elevated or chronically elevated. High-sensitivity troponin tests can detect elevated troponin levels in people without symptoms of cardiovascular disease, according to a study. Troponin is a protein released into your blood after you experience a heart attack.
High troponin levels can be indicators of other heart conditions or illnesses, too. Heart attacks and other heart conditions can be fatal. Lifestyle changes and treatment can help improve your heart health as well as your quality of life. Check out these 28 tips for keeping your heart healthy. If your doctor suspects that you've recently had a heart attack, you may be given a cardiac enzyme test.
Find out what it measures, what it means, and…. Did you know you could have a heart attack without feeling any chest pain? Heart attacks can produce a number of different signs and sensations….
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